Protests in Universities Across the Globe by Cristina Ruiz

Historical Background:  

The Israel-Palestine conflict has deep roots in the historical events surrounding the establishment of the state of Israel. After World War One, the British Mandate for Palestine was established, and Jewish immigration to the region increased, driven by the desire for a homeland and fleeing persecution, particularly from Europe. Tensions rose with the Arab population, who opposed Jewish migration and statehood. In 1947, the United Nations proposed a partition plan, accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by Arab leaders, leading to conflict. Israel declared independence in 1948, which led to conflict, including the Arab-Israeli War and Palestinian displacement. Subsequent conflicts, like the Six-Day War in 1967, escalated tensions, expanded Israeli control, and fueled the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict over territory and competing national narratives. 

On October 7, Hamas militants invaded Israel, killing 1,200 people and kidnapping 252 others in one of the deadliest attacks on Jews since the Holocaust. In response, Israel launched airstrikes targeting residential towers, hospitals, refugee camps, bakeries, schools, and other civilian infrastructure in Gaza. Israel's offensive has caused the deaths of many Palestinian civilians and displaced nearly 75% of the population. Despite warnings from humanitarian organizations, Israel has continued its attacks, contributing to the ongoing conflict and resulting in a rising death toll among innocent Palestinians.

Introduction:

On campuses across the United States, students are rallying in protests, advocating for a ceasefire in Gaza, an end to U.S. military aid to Israel, and university divestment from arms suppliers and war-profiteering companies. This activism has sparked similar movements globally, with students setting up encampments as visible symbols of their demands. The movement began at Columbia University on April 17th, with students pitching tents on campus to show support for Palestinians in Gaza. Since then, over a hundred college campuses nationwide have seen Pro-Palestine demonstrations and encampments. While many protests have been peaceful, some, like the one at UCLA, have turned violent, leading to student arrests, suspensions, and expulsions. The widespread dissemination of images and videos of these protests through technology has inspired students at universities worldwide to join the cause.

My paper will examine the role of student-led activism in addressing social issues and driving concrete change. Unlike conventional forms of protest, student movements often attract more attention and provoke stronger reactions. I will delve into the outcomes of these protests, including university responses which vary from dialogue and policy reforms to crackdowns and disciplinary measures. My research seeks to understand the power dynamics within student-led protests, evaluate their impact on university policies, public discourse, and political landscapes, and assess their contribution to meaningful societal change. Furthermore, I will analyze how news coverage in various countries, including Australia, Spain, Qatar, and the United States, have portrayed these events and shaped public perceptions. 

Framing and News Routines: 

Framing involves selecting a restricted number of thematically related attributes for inclusion on the media agenda when a particular object is discussed. This process profoundly influences how topics are portrayed and understood within public discourse. (Stohl, Lecture 4)

The United States:

The United States maintains a complex political stance regarding the Israel-Palestine conflict, which has evolved over decades of diplomatic efforts and shifting administrations. Historically, the U.S. has been a staunch supporter of Israel, providing extensive military and financial aid and advocating for its security and sovereignty. However, successive administrations have also expressed support for a two-state solution, endorsing the establishment of a Palestinian state alongside Israel. Despite these efforts, the U.S. faces criticism for perceived bias towards Israel, particularly regarding issues such as settlements and Jerusalem. The relationship between the U.S., Israel, and Palestine remains multifaceted, influenced by geopolitical considerations, domestic politics, and international pressure. Efforts to achieve a lasting resolution to the conflict continue, though challenges persist due to deep-rooted divisions, regional instability, and competing interests.

Fox News typically adopts a conservative political stance, shaping its coverage to align with Republican and right-wing viewpoints. This ideological framing extends to its coverage of the Israel-Palestine conflict, where it emphasizes Israel's security concerns and downplays Palestinian perspectives. Portraying Israel as a key U.S. ally, Fox News justifies its policies and actions, reflecting broader conservative views on foreign policy and national security

Articles: 

This article details ongoing negotiations between Columbia University and protestors at encampments on campus, yet it maintains a strong pro-Israeli stance evident throughout. The title refers to the protestors as 'Anti-Israel protesters,' contrasting with more left-leaning publications like The New York Times, which term them 'Pro-Palestine protesters.' This linguistic choice carries connotations; while 'Pro-Palestine' may suggest a desire for peace, 'Anti-Israel' can be interpreted as anti-Semitic or opposed to Israel's existence. Additionally, the article repeatedly uses the term 'mobs' to describe the protestors, implying disorder and potential violence. The word 'agitator' further paints the protestors as intentionally stirring unrest or trouble. The inclusion of statements from police officers reinforces this negative portrayal, such as one officer's remark: "We have to teach Anti-Israel mobs the consequences of their actions." Quotes from Jewish and Zionist students are used to further malign the protestors, with one citing praise for the militant Al-Quds Brigades, a Palestinian terror group aligned with Hamas. In conclusion, Fox News's framing leans heavily towards a pro-Israel perspective, portraying the protestors as dangerous, antisemitic, and evil, reinforced by select quotes from Jewish students and police officers (Richard, 2024).

This article further solidifies Fox News’s stance as pro-Israel through its wording choice in the title, with terms like ‘agitators’ and ‘antisemitic’. The White House's condemnation of the protests as blatantly antisemitic and dangerous sets the tone for the article, emphasizing the severity of the situation. Within the article, they cite White House Deputy Press Secretary Andrew Bates, who emphasizes that while peaceful protest is a fundamental right, any calls for violence or intimidation targeting Jewish students are utterly unacceptable. Bates further highlights the disturbing nature of the protests, noting their alignment with rhetoric reminiscent of terrorist organizations, particularly in the wake of recent atrocities against the Jewish community. Mayor Eric Adams echoed this sentiment, expressing his horror and disgust at the antisemitism prevalent on and around the Columbia University campus. He asserted, "Hate has no place in our city," and vowed to take decisive action, instructing the NYPD to thoroughly investigate any reports of law violations and to arrest those found culpable. Adams underscored the need to combat hate and division, declaring, "We will not be a city of lawlessness." This strong condemnation from governmental figures frames the protests not merely as expressions of dissent but as acts of bigotry and violence. Overall, the article’s framing reinforces Fox News’s pro-Israel stance by emphasizing the serious nature of the protests and their implications. By quoting Mayor Adams and Governor Kathy Hochul, the article amplifies the gravity of the situation, portraying it as a significant societal issue demanding urgent attention (Wehner, 2024). 

The news article from Fox News provides coverage of a protest on a university campus, where anti-Israel demonstrators clashed with a group of patriotic students. The framing of the article reflects Fox News's pro-Israel stance, evident in the choice of words such as "anti-Israel protesters" to describe the demonstrators. This labeling immediately positions the protesters as adversaries of Israel, aligning with Fox News's agenda. Conversely, the counter-protesters are depicted as "patriotic students," emphasizing their allegiance to the United States and framing their actions as acts of patriotism. The chants of "USA! USA!" in response to the pro-Palestine slogans further reinforce this narrative of national unity and support for Israel. Moreover, the article emphasizes a symbolic moment during the protest where the patriotic students sang the National Anthem. Their hands over their hearts and the waving of an American flag depicted their deep patriotism and solidarity, further enhancing the portrayal of them as defenders of American values. This symbolism serves to strengthen the narrative of the patriotic students as defenders of the nation, while also implicitly contrasting the actions of the anti-Israel protesters with a perceived lack of patriotism (Pritchett, 2024).

Spain:  

Spain is a democratic constitutional monarchy, with powers divided among executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Political parties like the Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE), People's Party (PP), Unidos Podemos, Ciudadanos (CS), and Vox operate across local, regional, and national levels. Diplomatically, Spain engages with both Israel and Palestine, historically leaning towards Arab positions but recognizing Israel in 1986. Recently, Spain, alongside Ireland and Norway, endorsed Palestine as a state on May 28th, 2024, advocating for a two-state solution within pre-1967 borders. Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez stressed the need for a viable Palestinian state, encompassing the West Bank and Gaza under Palestinian Authority governance.

El País is a prominent Spanish news outlet known for its comprehensive coverage of national and international affairs. Established in 1976, it emerged as a symbol of Spain's transition to democracy after the Franco era. With a reputation for editorial independence, El País covers a wide range of topics, including politics, culture, economics, and sports. It often takes a center-left stance, advocating for progressive policies while upholding democratic values and human rights. El País is respected for its investigative journalism and in-depth analysis, making it a significant voice in Spain's media landscape.

Articles: 

The article "Las universidades ofrecen tímidas concesiones a los estudiantes que protestan por la guerra de Gaza" delves into the motivations behind the protest, emphasizing the students' demands for ethical investment practices by universities and their desire to contribute positively to global issues. The article further explores the complexities of university finances and the influences of donors, particularly those with ties to Israel, on institutional decision-making. This framing raises questions about the ethical responsibilities of universities in managing their resources. The author examined responses to similar protests across different universities and countries, illustrating the global nature of the issue and the diverse approaches taken by academic institutions. Lastly, it mentions the concern expressed by human rights organizations such as Amnesty International regarding the involvement of riot police, further broadening the implications of the protest in terms of civil liberties (Stacey et al., 2024). 

This article, unlike others, presents a contrasting perspective, focusing on whether the protests can be deemed anti-Semitic. Its central argument delves into the resurgence of protests against Israel, notably on university campuses, particularly emphasizing the involvement of the "woke" left advocating for a free Palestine. It critiques these protests for often extending beyond the pursuit of a political resolution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, instead advocating for the complete elimination of Israel. Moreover, it identifies the celebratory attitude towards Hamas and calls for severing ties with Israel, branding it as an apartheid state deserving of dismantlement. By examining the historical and cultural biases shaping perceptions of Israel, the article suggests that underlying anti-Semitic prejudices may fuel some anti-Israel activism. It challenges the belief that the participation of Jews in these protests precludes them from being anti-Semitic, drawing upon historical instances in which members of minority groups hold discriminatory views against their own communities. Furthermore, it warns of the potential consequences of these protests, including divisions and hostility, undermining efforts for peace and coexistence between Israelis and Palestinians (Illouz et al., 2024).

In contrast to the previous article, the author of this article takes a different stance, painting the protesters as social warriors deserving of societal praise. Throughout, the article maintains a positive tone, commending the achievements of the protesters in prompting action from the University to sever ties with Israeli institutions perceived as hindering peace efforts. The framing portrays the protesters as effective catalysts for change, underscoring their impact on institutional policies. Notably, the framing anticipates and challenges potential criticisms, defending the legitimacy and integrity of the protesters' actions. It rejects the notion that protesters must address all global issues equally, asserting their right to focus on specific causes without scrutiny. Furthermore, the framing refutes accusations of anti-Semitism aimed at the protesters, framing them as unjust attempts to stifle legitimate criticism of Israeli policies. Ultimately, the article concludes with a reaffirmation of support and pride for the protesters, aiming to galvanize readers behind their cause and goals (Simón et al. 2024).

Qatar:

Qatar, situated on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia, has played a significant role in mediating between conflicting parties in the ongoing Israel-Palestine conflict. Qatar has facilitated negotiations for the release of hostages held by Palestinian militants, assisted foreigners trapped in Gaza to leave through the Rafah Border, and provided humanitarian aid to Palestinians in Gaza, including funding for salaries and construction materials. Furthermore, Qatar’s hosting of Hamas leaders in exile has enabled direct talks with the group. While Qatar’s diplomatic efforts have been praised by the Biden administration and senior Israeli officials, its ties with Hamas have raised concerns among some countries.

Al Jazeera is a Qatar-based news network primarily funded by the government, and it is one of the most widely seen Arabic channels in the world. The 24-hour, Arabic-language satellite television news network, viewable throughout the Middle East and most of the world, went on air on November 1, 1996. The term "Al Jazeera Effect" was coined to explain how, in the past, the globalization of news was being driven by Western media, particularly U.S. networks. However, after the introduction of Al Jazeera to many parts of the world, very different interpretations of the day's news were introduced. It is also one of the few broadcasting live from across the Gaza Strip throughout the current war. Israel has imposed sanctions on Al Jazeera multiple times, alleging biased coverage and even arresting one of its bureau chiefs on charges of involvement with Hamas. Lastly, Al Jazeera's reporting during conflicts, such as the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, has been controversial, with accusations of pushing Hamas propaganda and even collaborating with Hamas fighters.

Articles:

The article "US Campus Protests of Israeli 'Genocide' Offer Hope to Students from Gaza" depicts Palestinian students finding solace in solidarity protests across the United States, advocating for university divestment from companies supplying arms to Israel. Personal narratives, like a Palestinian student in Egypt feeling hopeful witnessing American protests, humanize the conflict's impact. The article underscores the protests' transformative effect, spotlighting individuals like Tia Al-Qudwa, who shifted focus from medicine to international law. It highlights the protests' significance in offering hope and solidarity to Palestinian students while acknowledging challenges and sacrifices (Nashed, 2024).

In "Generation Gap: What Student Protests Say about US Politics, Israel Support," evolving student activism's implications for US politics and support for Israel are explored. The protests exacerbate a generation gap, illustrating a disconnect between younger activists and established institutions. By focusing on accusations of fueling anti-Semitism, the article underscores divergent perspectives. Contextualizing protests within US student movements' history, emphasizes the potential for significant shifts in public opinion and political change. The article juxtaposes widespread public support for a ceasefire with Biden's backing of Israel, highlighting the disconnect between sentiment and government action fueling protests (Harb, 2024).

"Columbia University Cancels Main Commencement Ceremony after Gaza Protests" examines a significant event's cancellation due to protests related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It emphasizes protests' impact on institutional decisions, noting a police raid on a Gaza solidarity encampment preceding the cancellation. This suggests a cause-and-effect relationship, positioning protests as motivation for institutional action. The article highlights escalating protests and consequential responses from the university administration and law enforcement (Staff, 2024).

"We Won't Stop: How Columbia's Students Etched a New Gaza Protest Legacy" showcases Columbia University students' resilience in protesting the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It links the protest site to past student activism, emphasizing cultural diversity and solidarity among protesters. The article depicts protesters' steadfastness against administrative pressure, showcasing their unity and determination (Altaji, 2024).

"Dozens Arrested in US Campuses in Another Weekend of Pro-Palestine Protests" portrays escalating tensions between pro-Palestinian protesters and authorities across various US university campuses. Instances of arrests and police intervention highlight clashes between peaceful protests and forceful responses, addressing tensions between free speech and maintaining order. The article also touches on racial tensions within campus communities, reflecting broader societal issues (Jazeera, 2024b).

In "‘Audacious, Outrageous’: Gaza Protesters Slam Greek Deportation Order," the Greek government's response to protests in solidarity with Palestine, including the deportation of activists, is scrutinized. It emphasizes perceived infringements on rights and freedoms, such as stifling dissent and preventing protests from escalating on university campuses. Punitive actions like deportations and arrests are depicted as attempts to suppress political action, raising concerns about limitations on individuals' rights in the context of activism (Fallon, 2024).

In "‘No Surprise’: US Students Slam Biden's Comments on Gaza Encampments," the media frames President Biden's response to the protests, particularly his remarks on the Gaza encampments. The article expresses skepticism and disappointment, suggesting that the student's reaction to Biden's comments is expected given the context of the protests. It analyzes Biden's statement emphasizing the need for "order" and condemning violent protest, highlighting how it disregards the grievances of the protesters and fails to address the underlying issues prompting their activism. Additionally, the media criticizes Biden for not acknowledging reports of violence against pro-Palestinian demonstrators by pro-Israel groups, framing his silence on this matter as a failure to address the broader context of the protests. The article suggests a bias in his response by emphasizing his focus on condemning anti-Semitism and violence against Jewish students, highlighting the political implications of Biden's response, particularly concerning young voters (Kestler-D’Amours & Harb, 2024).

Australia: 

Australia, a federation with six states and two self-governing territories, operates as a representative democracy. It has historically endorsed the 1947 United Nations Partition Plan for separate Jewish and Palestinian states, establishing diplomatic relations with Israel in 1949. Advocating for Israel's rights and existence, Australia supports a two-state solution for the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It maintains diplomatic ties with both Israel and the Palestinian Authority, contributing peacekeepers to promote peace in the Middle East through organizations like the United Nations Truce Supervision Organization (UNTSO). In December 2018, Australia formally recognized West Jerusalem as Israel's capital and provided humanitarian aid to Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza Strip through international channels like the United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), focusing on addressing their humanitarian needs.

The news broadcasting service SBS, a publicly funded Australian broadcaster known for its diverse content, reflects values of multiculturalism and social inclusion. However, debates about internal biases in its reporting have surfaced. For example, journalist Essam Al-Ghalib, employed by SBS, has a history of making inflammatory tweets against Israel, such as labeling it "the BIGGEST terrorist in the world" and using the hashtag "#F*ckIsrael.". Furthermore, in a recent news podcast about Anthony Blinken's visit to Israel, Al-Ghalib omitted key facts about a Palestinian man killed by Israeli forces. This raises concerns about his impartiality, given his past biased statements and his position as a publicly funded broadcaster. Additionally, over 720 journalists and media staffers in Australia endorsed an open letter urging news outlets to incorporate Palestinian perspectives and avoid biased reporting on the Israel-Hamas conflict. Some faced consequences for their support, highlighting concerns about media professionalism and public expression.

Articles:  

The news framing in this article underscores the allegations of censorship and suppression of pro-Palestinian voices at the University of Sydney. For instance, the article mentions the banning of a pro-Palestine student meeting, quoting Maeve Larkins, a member of the Solidarity Students group, who stated, "They go to uni expecting this to be a place where, if nowhere else, radical ideas can be discussed" (Luu, 2023) Additionally, it references the warnings of misconduct investigations, with Larkins stating, "It's a pretty blatant attempt to intimidate students from speaking out" (Luu, 2023). Moreover, the article cites the university's stance against statements perceived as pro-terrorist, quoting a university spokesperson who stressed, "We will not tolerate any pro-terrorist statements or commentary" (Luu, 2023). These direct quotes highlight the efforts to inhibit free expression and contribute to the framing of the university's actions as controversial and potentially infringing on fundamental rights, prompting readers to question the balance between academic freedom and institutional constraints.

The news framing in this article highlights the contentious debate surrounding a proposed expansion of the definition of antisemitism in the United States. The bill, known as the Antisemitism Awareness Act, has sparked intense discussions in the wake of tensions and violent clashes at US universities between pro-Israel and pro-Palestinian demonstrators. The bill's proponents argue that it offers crucial protection for Jewish communities, especially amid rising incidents of antisemitism. However, critics, including Democratic representative Jerry Nadler, express concerns about the potential impact on freedom of speech, suggesting that the bill could stifle legitimate criticism of Israeli policies. The article also sheds light on the broader context of rising antisemitism and Islamophobia, particularly since the recent escalation of the Hamas-Israel conflict. Overall, the framing of the news underscores the complex intersection of free speech, political activism, and efforts to combat discrimination, prompting a nuanced discussion about the balance between protecting minority rights and safeguarding freedom of expression (Carr, 2024).

The news framing in this article revolves around the opposition's proposal to cancel the visas of international students engaged in alleged antisemitic activities, particularly in the context of pro-Palestinian protests. The subheading sets the tone by highlighting the opposition's vow to revoke visas and its challenge to the government on this issue. Senator James Paterson underscores the severity of the situation by suggesting that participation in chants like "from the river to the sea" could warrant visa cancellation, stating, "The immigration minister and the home affairs minister have very significant powers to cancel people's visas on character grounds... All of those are grounds for some of these student protesters to have their visas canceled. We have seen horrific antisemitism from those protesters." However, student advocacy groups argue against differential treatment between domestic and international students, as Belle Lim asserts, "While we condemn racism in no uncertain terms, including both antisemitism and Islamophobia, the Opposition should be careful not to infringe on international students' rights to free thoughts and speech." This highlights the tension between addressing racism and ensuring the rights of international students to express themselves freely. Additionally, the article delves into the interpretation of the "from the river to the sea" chant, depicting it as contentious due to varying perspectives from Jewish communities and Palestinians. Overall, the article navigates a complex issue involving immigration policy, free speech, and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict (Staszewska, 2024).

The article covers the ongoing protest at the Australian National University (ANU), where pro-Palestinian student demonstrators are defying orders to dismantle their encampment despite directives from campus security. The protesters' steadfast refusal to vacate is emphasized through their chants and social media calls for community solidarity, prompting a response from the Australian Federal Police. The escalating tensions are contextualized by referencing similar protests at other universities like the University of Melbourne and Curtin University, where encampments were disbanded amid clashes with law enforcement. The ANU's rationale for dismantling the encampment, framed as a safety concern, is juxtaposed with the protesters' demands for divestment from entities implicated in the Gaza conflict and academic disengagement with Israel. Furthermore, by highlighting the parallels to protests in the United States and citing the protesters' commitment to peaceful demonstration, the article portrays the students as passionate advocates for social justice. The framing positions the ANU protest within a broader context of global solidarity movements, evoking sympathy for the protesters while raising questions about academic freedom and safety on university campuses ("SBS News," 2024).

Conclusion:

Across different nations, the framing choices and discussions of the student-led protests vary significantly. In the United States, particularly through outlets like Fox News, the portrayal leans heavily towards a pro-Israel perspective, emphasizing Israel's security concerns and downplaying Palestinian perspectives. This framing aligns with conservative political views, portraying the protests as dangerous and antisemitic. In Spain, diverse perspectives are presented, ranging from critiques of anti-Israel activism to portrayals of protesters as catalysts for positive change. Qatar-based Al Jazeera offers a nuanced perspective, acknowledging the transformative impact of the protests on Palestinian students and global solidarity efforts. In Australia, discussions revolve around issues of free speech, academic freedom, and the complexities of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, with some reports focusing on the alleged suppression of pro-Palestinian voices.

Discussion: 

These varied approaches to framing the student-led protests mirror disparities in the priorities of nations' decision-makers, elites, and the attentive and mass public. In the United States, media outlets like Fox News align their framing with conservative political views and interests, often prioritizing the maintenance of a robust alliance with Israel. This framing serves to perpetuate existing narratives and viewpoints within the political elite and among segments of the public who share similar perspectives. Conversely, outlets in Spain and Qatar present a more diverse range of perspectives, reflecting the priorities of decision-makers and elites who may prioritize diplomacy and conflict resolution over ideological conformity. These outlets cater to a more multifaceted understanding of the conflict, resonating with audiences holding diverse political leanings and interests. Similarly, in Australia, discussions around free speech and academic freedom reflect the concerns of decision-makers keen on upholding democratic values while navigating intricate international relations.

Further research: 

The analysis suggests compelling avenues for future research, including examining how media framing influences public opinion and policy outcomes, investigating the role of social media in shaping narratives surrounding activism and exploring the dynamics of transnational solidarity movements.

Word count:

4,173

References

The United States: 

Betz, B. (2024, April 7). Vanderbilt students expelled, suspended for participation in unruly pro-Palestinian protests. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/vanderbilt-students-expelled-suspended-participation-unruly-pro-palestinian-protests

Lanum, N. (2024, May 13). Columbia University student in handcuffs rips up diploma on commencement stage in act of protest. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/media/columbia-university-student-handcuffs-rips-diploma-commencement-stage-protest

Mion, L. (2024, May 1). White House considers accepting some Palestinians from Gaza as refugees amid the Israel-Hamas war. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/white-house-considers-accepting-palestinians-gaza-refugees-amid-israel-hamas-war

Norman, G. (2024, May 9). Emory University students pass ‘no confidence’ vote against president following anti-Israel protest arrests. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/emory-university-students-pass-no-confidence-vote-president-anti-israel-protests

Norman, G. (2024, May 9). Emory University students pass ‘no confidence’ vote against president following anti-Israel protest arrests. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/emory-university-students-pass-no-confidence-vote-president-anti-israel-protests

Parks, K. (2024, April 25). WATCH: Anti-Israel protester admits she doesn’t know why she’s at the NYU protest. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/media/watch-anti-israel-protester-admits-doesnt-know-why-nyu-protes

Penley, T. (2024, May 1). UCLA student says many campus counter-protesters were locals, not students: “Jews in LA have had enough.” Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/media/ucla-student-says-many-campus-counter-protesters-locals-students-jews-la-enough

Pritchett, E. (2024, May 3). Rutgers students counter anti-Israel agitators on campus by waving an American flag, chanting “USA! USA!” Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/rutgers-students-counter-anti-israel-agitators-waving-american-flag-chanting-usa

Richard, L. (2024, April 26). Columbia gives 7-word update on negotiations as university crosses deadline to clear anti-Israel protest. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/columbia-gives-word-update-negotiations-university-crosses-deadline-clear-anti-israel-protest

Richard, L. (2024b, May 13). Princeton University students end anti-Israel hunger strike “due to health concerns.” Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/princeton-university-students-end-anti-israel-hunger-strike-due-to-health-concerns

Vacchiano, A., & Preston, B. (2024, April 25). UT Austin protests descend into chaos, anti-Israel students yell at police: “Pigs go home!” Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/ut-austin-protests-descend-chaos-anti-israel-students-yell-police-pigs-home

Wehner, G., & Sahakian, T. (2023, November 15). NYC Columbia University faculty and students protest suspension of 2 far-left groups. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/nyc-columbia-university-faculty-students-protest-suspension-far-left-groups

Wehner, G. (2024, May 1). The NYPD released a video showing a professional “protest consultant” at Columbia University. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/us/nypd-release-video-showing-professional-protest-consultant-columbia-university

Wehner, G. (2024, April 21). White House condemns ‘blatantly antisemitic’ protests as agitators engulf Columbia University. Fox News. https://www.foxnews.com/politics/white-house-condemns-blatantly-antisemitic-protests-agitators-engulf-columbia-university

Spain: 

Beauregard, L. P., Beauregard, L. P., & Beauregard, L. P. (2024, May 16). La policía dispersa una nueva protesta propalestina en la Universidad de California Irvine. El País. https://elpais.com/internacional/2024-05-16/la-policia-dispersa-una-nueva-protesta-propalestina-en-la-universidad-de-california-irvine.html

Bassets, M., Bassets, M., & Bassets, M. (2024, May 12). Los estudiantes toman la palabra. ¿El mundo los escucha? El País. https://elpais.com/ideas/2024-05-12/los-estudiantes-toman-la-palabra-el-mundo-los-escucha.html

Bassets, M., Ferrer, I., Bassets, M., Ferrer, I., Bassets, M., & Ferrer, I. (2024, May 9). El dilema de las universidades europeas ante las crecientes protestas por Gaza: desalojar o dialogar. El País. https://elpais.com/internacional/2024-05-09/el-dilema-de-las-universidades-europeas-ante-las-crecientes-protestas-por-gaza-desalojar-o-dialogar.html

Illouz, E., Illouz, E., & Illouz, E. (2024, May 24). ¿Son antisemitas las protestas contra Israel? El País. https://elpais.com/opinion/2024-05-24/son-antisemitas-las-protestas-contra-israel.html

Liy, M. V., Liy, M. V., & Liy, M. V. (2024, May 5). Las ceremonias de graduación, el nuevo foco de las protestas universitarias por Gaza en EE UU. El País. https://elpais.com/internacional/2024-05-05/las-ceremonias-de-graduacion-el-nuevo-foco-de-las-protestas-universitarias-por-gaza-en-ee-uu.html

López, A. I., López, A. I., & López, A. I. (2024, May 9). Las claves de las protestas propalestinas en América: universidades sin clases, acampadas solidarias y demandas del movimiento. El País América. https://elpais.com/america/2024-05-09/las-claves-de-las-protestas-propalestinas-en-america-universidades-sin-clases-acampadas-solidarias-y-demandas-del-movimiento.html

Medina, A., Medina, A., & Medina, A. (2024, May 6). La universidad está tomada. El País. https://elpais.com/opinion/2024-05-06/la-universidad-tomada.html

Sánchez-Vallejo, M. A., Sánchez-Vallejo, M. A., & Sánchez-Vallejo, M. A. (2024, May 6). La Universidad de Columbia cancela por seguridad la ceremonia de graduación tras el desalojo del campus. El País. https://elpais.com/internacional/2024-05-06/la-universidad-de-columbia-cancela-por-seguridad-la-ceremonia-de-graduacion-tras-el-desalojo-del-campus.html

Simón, A. I., Simón, A. I., & Simón, A. I. (2024, May 11). Orgullosos de vosotros. El País. https://elpais.com/opinion/2024-05-11/orgullosos-de-vosotros.html

Stacey, D., Stacey, D., & Stacey, D. (2024, May 11). Las universidades ofrecen tímidas concesiones a los estudiantes que protestan por la guerra de Gaza. El País. https://elpais.com/internacional/2024-05-11/las-universidades-ofrecen-timidas-concesiones-a-los-estudiantes-que-protestan-por-la-guerra-de-gaza.html

Qatar:  

Adler, N. (2024, May 1). Updates: New York police arrest 282 protesters after Columbia, CCNY raids. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/1/live-us-university-protests-spread-amid-growing-calls-to-end-gaza-war

Adler, N., Gadzo, M., & Motamedi, M. (2024, May 3). Israel’s war on Gaza updates: Hamas studies proposal in ‘positive spirit.’ Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2024/5/2/israels-war-on-gaza-live-israel-still-denying-aid-to-north-gaza-says-un

Altaji, Y. (2024, May 5). ‘W won't stop’: How Columbia’s students etched a new Gaza protest legacy. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/4/we-wont-stop-how-columbias-students-etched-a-new-gaza-protest-legacy

Fallon, K. (2024, May 28). ‘Audacious, outrageous’: Gaza protesters slam Greek deportation order. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/27/audacious-outrageous-gaza-protesters-slam-greek-deportation-order

Harb, A. (2024, April 26). Generation gap: What student protests say about US politics, Israel support. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/26/generation-gap-what-student-protests-say-about-us-politics-israel-support

Jazeera, A. (2024, April 25). Before Israel’s war on Gaza: Other times US campuses became battlegrounds. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/4/25/past-student-protests-in-the-us-working-hed

Jazeera, A. (2024b, May 5). No arrests as Los Angeles police clear USC pro-Palestinian encampment. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/5/no-arrests-as-los-angeles-police-clear-usc-pro-palestinian-encampment

Jazeera, A. (2024b, May 5). Dozens arrested in US campuses in another weekend of pro-Palestine protests. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/5/dozens-arrested-in-us-campuses-in-another-weekend-of-pro-palestine-protests

Kestler-D’Amours, J., & Harb, A. (2024, May 2). ‘No surprise’: US students slam Biden’s comments on Gaza encampments. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/2/no-surprise-us-students-slam-bidens-comments-on-gaza-encampments#:~:text=Students%20 say%20 Biden%20 risks%20 losing,and%20 condemnation%20of%20college%20 protests.&text=President%20 Joe%20 Biden%20 days%20%E2%80%9c Order,encampment%20in%20support%20 of%20 Palestinians.

Nashed, M. (2024, May 6). US campus protests of Israeli ‘genocide’ offer hope to students from Gaza. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/features/2024/5/6/us-student-protests-of-israeli-genocide-offer-hope-to-students-from-gaza

Pro-Palestine protest interrupts University of Michigan graduation ceremony. (n.d.). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/program/newsfeed/2024/5/5/pro-palestine-protest-interrupts-university-of-michigan-graduation-ceremony

Staff, A. J. (2024, May 6). Columbia University cancels main commencement ceremony after Gaza protests. Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/5/6/columbia-university-cancels-main-commencement-ceremony-after-gaza-protests

Where is the pro-Palestine student protest movement heading? (n.d.). Al Jazeera. https://www.aljazeera.com/program/the-bottom-line/2024/5/5/where-is-the-pro-palestine-student-protest-movement-heading

Australia:

Carr, C. (2024, May 2). This country is set to broaden its definition of antisemitism. Some critics say it goes too far. SBS News. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/this-country-is-set-to-broaden-its-definition-of-antisemitism-some-critics-say-it-goes-too-far/u8wi00511

Luu, J. (2023, November 22). This major university is being accused of censoring students and staff over the Hamas-Israel conflict. SBS News. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/the-feed/article/this-major-university-is-being-accused-of-censoring-students-and-staff-over-the-hamas-israel-conflict/mlv7bapfb

Mass protests at US colleges as Israel orders new evacuations. (n.d.). SBS News. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/podcast-episode/mass-protests-at-us-colleges-as-israel-orders-new-evacuations/jt50f8ehl

Pro-Palestinian protests have paralyzed US universities. (n.d.-b). SBS Language. https://www.sbs.com.au/language/russian/en/podcast-episode/pro-palestinian-protests-have-paralyzed-us-universities/dlqpm5x9k

SBS News. (2024b, April 25). Cancelled classes, protests, and arrests: The flaring tensions at US universities, explained. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/protesters-arrested-and-students-feeling-unsafe-whats-going-on-at-columbia-university/lftwhjio7

SBS News. (2023, December 5). The Israeli-Palestinian conflict: a brief history. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/the-israeli-palestinian-conflict-a-brief-history/kzuibqf33

SBS News. (2024b, May 27). Police arrive at ANU Gaza protest camp as students refuse to move on. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/police-arrive-at-anu-gaza-protest-camp-as-students-refuse-to-move-on/y2yhiojoz

SBS News. (2024, May 3). Pro-Palestinian clashes erupt at UCLA after dozens arrested in Columbia University raid. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/pro-palestinian-clashes-erupt-at-ucla-after-dozens-arrested-in-columbia-university-raid/qzdn28cfs

SBS News. (2023a, October 8). What is the Palestinian group Hamas and why has it attacked Israel now? https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/what-is-the-palestinian-group-hamas/wd9ww0f6y

Staszewska, E. (2024, May 28). Opposition challenges government to tear up student visas over alleged antisemitism. SBS News. https://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/opposition-challenges-government-to-tear-up-student-visas-over-alleged-antisemitism/i7vdexwf5

Stohl, Michael. “Agenda Setting, And Framing” The News. 14 April 2024. University of California, Santa Barbara. Lecture 4.